Jackson Purchase Historical Society

Dr. Bill Mulligan, Professor of History, Murray State University

Rescheduling the Winter Meeting because of bad weather did not dampen the enthusiasm of the JPHS.  Approximately 30 members and guests attended the meeting Saturday, February 26, 2011 to hear Dr. Bill Mulligan on the topic of the Civil War in West Kentucky and West Tennessee from 1860 to 1863.  At the beginning, Dr. Mulligan stated that he had modified his topic somewhat because his research has carried him beyond the 1863 point.   Dr. Mulligan believes that the Civil War was won along the rivers of western Kentucky and Tennessee and was decided in the Jackson Purchase.  One salient point, forgotten by most people, is that one big difference between West Kentucky and West Tennessee was that Kentucky remained in the union and therefore its citizens were still U.S. citizens whereas Tennessee had seceded and its citizens were declared in rebellion.   After the his presentation, Dr. Mulligan answered questions from the audience and signed copies of his recent book, Badger Boy in Blue: The Civil War Letters of Chauncey H. Cooke which were available for sale.

Normal business was also conducted as both the Secretary’s minutes and the Treasurer’s report were submitted to the membership.  Announcement was made that the Spring Meeting would be held in Paducah, April 30, 2011,  at the Railroad Museum.  The guest speaker will be Bob Johnston, President of the Paducah Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society.  His topic will be “Railroading in paducah: Then & Now”.  A tour of the museum will be offered afterward.  The meeting was adjourned.

The JPHS holds quarterly meetings only; won’t you make your plans now to attend our Spring Meeting, April 30th?

We have been able to reschedule our Winter Meeting for February 26, 2011 in the Wrather Museum auditorium.  Meeting will start at 10:30 a.m.

Dr. Mulligan has graciously rearranged his schedule so that he can be our speaker!  As a reminder, his topic will be “The Civil War in Western Kentucky and West Tennessee, 1860-1863″.   Dr. Mulligan will have copies for sale of his book “Badger Boy in Blue: The Civil War Letters of Chauncey H. Cooke”.

Won’t you make your plans now to be with us?

The historical marker, on the grounds of the Graves County Courthouse,  reads:

“In May, 1861, delegates of seven Kentucky and twenty Tennessee westernmost counties, the Jackson Purchase, met in Mayfield.  Belief in Southern cause, dissatisfaction with Kentucky adherence to Union and Tennessee delay joining South caused convention vote to secede and form a Confederate State.  With Tennessee’s vote to secede, June 8, 1861, proposal abandoned.”

A journalist for the Louisville Journal was present at this meeting and his eye-witness account sent back to his editor revealed that the attendees included from Kentucky:  Henry C. Burnett, then First District of Kentucky Congressional Representative who was later expelled from Congress for his sympathy for the Confederacy (see our posting dated December 20, 2010 titled “South Carolina Secedes!”); R. D. Gholson, a Kentucky native, who resigned the Governorship of Washington Territory in February 1861, because he was “unwilling even for a day to hold office under a…”Republican” president” -  Gholson returned to Kentucky, gathered up his family and slaves and moved to Tennessee for protection; Colonel Lloyd Tilghman; A. R. Boone, member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1861, and from Tennessee:  H. Clay King, prominent Memphis lawyer, Colonel Austin of Memphis, Col. G. W. Bosher, and O. Turner (who wanted western Kentucky and Tennessee to form a military alliance), to name only a few.  Burnett and Gholson both fought in the Confederacy as did, of course, Tilghman.

In addition to the secession question, discussions ensued concerning recruiting soldiers and establishment of two military schools – one each at Columbus and Paducah.  Before the Convention adjourned, Burnett was nominated as the States Rights candidate for Congress.

Before the Civil War ends, Mayfield would be occupied by Union troops under the command of General Eleazor A. Paine, a period  described as a “reign of terror”, the Jews in Paducah would be evicted under General Grant’s General Order #11, of December 17, 1862, and 21 men, women and children from Columbus, KY would be banished to Canada for being southern sympathizers.

Although born in Kentucky (Christian County) on June 3, 1808,  Jefferson Davis’  family moved to Louisiana (1811) and then to Mississippi (1812) where he was raised.  Jefferson attended Jefferson College in Mississippi, and Transylvania University in Kentucky before graduating from the United States Military Academy (West Point) in 1828.  Davis fought in the Mexican-American War in 1846.

He resigned his military commission to marry Sarah Knox Taylor, daughter of Zachary Taylor, in 1835.  Contacting malaria three months after the wedding, Sarah died.  In 1836 Davis moved back to Mississippi.  Davis married again in 1845 to Varina Howell, granddaughter of former New Jersey Governor Richard Howell.  They had six (6) children but only a daughter, Margaret, survived young adulthood.

Davis served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi’s At-large congressional district from 1845 to 1846; U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1947 to 1851 and again 1857 to 1861; 23rd United States Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce.   Davis resigned as a Mississippi Senator on January 21, 1861 and was elected President of the Confederate States of American on February 18, 1861.  The Confederacy continued until May 5, 1865 when its government was officially dissolved.   Captured by Union forces five days later, Davis was held prisoner for two years at Fort Monroe, Virginia.  He was indicted for treason in 1866.  He was finally released on bail and ultimately the case against him was dropped in February 1869.

Davis became president of the Carolina Life Insurance Company located in Memphis, Tennessee in 1869.  At some point afterward Davis went to England and stayed until 1878 when he returned to Mississippi.  Davis wrote a book, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, between 1878 and 1881.  This book did much to restore his reputation in the South.   He completed A Short History of the Confederate States of America, in 1889.

Davis died on December 6, 1889 in New Orleans, Louisiana from an undetermined cause.  He was 81.  Originally buried in New Orleans, his widow had his body exhumed and transported to a Richmond, Virginia cemetery in 1893.

Chickasaw National Capitol Building, Tishomingo, Oklahoma, built 1898

The majority of the Chickasaws, as slaveholders, were secessionists. The Chickasaw and Choctaw in July 1861 declared they were allies of the Confederate States of America.  They served mostly in the First Chickasaw/Choctaw Mounted Rifles under Douglas H. Cooper, who was commanding the department of Indian operations under authority from the Confederate government.   Other Indian tribes and some Chickasaws remained loyal to the Union.  On April 28, 1866, the Chickasaw and Choctaw signed a treaty with the United States which provided an end to slavery, the creating of a leased district for freedmen, payment of reparations to pro-Union Chickasaw/Choctaws, and granting of railroad rights-of-way through their nations.  The annuity payments due these tribes under previous treaties were resumed.   The Civil War did not devastate the Chickasaw as most of the battles took place in the lands of the Creek and Cherokee nations.  Although the Chickasaw did suffer hardships after the war, they did again prosper.

Chickasaw Nation, 1818-1861.  The Levi Colbert who represented the Chickasaw during the negotiations of the Jackson Purchase in 1818 died June 2, 1834 in Colbert County Alabama.  He, his brothers, and their issue were the most influential family in Chickasaw history.   From 1838  to 1846, all the Chickasaw, including the Colbert clan, moved west of the Mississippi because of treaties signed in 1832 and 1834 which declared that no Chickasaw could remain in the east.   They were finally able to move into the Chickasaw District of Oklahoma in 1843.  In 1848, 1851, and 1856 constitutions were adopted creating and refining a government structure consisting of executive (elected governor), legislative and  judicial branches, making the Chickasaw independent, solvent and viable.  Tishomingo was selected as the capital of the Chickasaw Nation.   A Capitol Building was built in 1898 and used until 1906.   Chickasaw Nation’s national headquarters are now located in Ada, Oklahoma.

(Information for this posting gathered from the following sources: Chickasaw Council House Museum brochure, Chickasaw Empire, the Story of the Colbert Family, by Don Martini, 1986, Ripley, MS;  Internet sources at www.chickasaw.net; www.civilwarhome.com; www.itd.nps.gov/cwss, www.natchezbelle.org)

The call for and elections to Secessionist conventions grew among the Deep South states as the time neared for Lincoln’s inaugural, March 4, 1861.  Following South Carolina, Mississippi (January 9, 1861), Florida (January 10, 1861), Alabama (January 11, 1861), Louisiana (January 26, 1861), and Texas (February 1, 1861) seceded.

Earlier, in December 1860, a U. S. House of Representatives Committee of Thirty-Three (one member from each state in the Union) was created to try and find areas on which a compromise could be built to save the Union.   John Crittenden of Kentucky advanced a compromise of six proposed constitutional amendments addressing all the outstanding issues.  However, on December 22, 1860 this compromise was defeated.  Presented to the Senate January 16, 1861 as a request for states’ referendum, after Mississippi, Florida and Alabama had already seceded, it was again defeated.   Between December 22, 1860 and January 12, 1861 two other compromise proposals had been considered and rejected.  On January 17, 1861, former President John Tyler now a private citizen of Virginia, published a document proposing that a final collective effort should be made to preserve the Union by calling a convention of the six (6) free and six (6) slave Border States.  This convention met on February 4, 1861 where attendees had been expanded to include all of the states.    However, none of the Deep South states sent representatives.   Because most of the attendees were “senior statesmen” this convention has been referred to as the “Old Gentleman’s Convention” and “Old Men’s Last Hurrah for the Union.”  At the end of the convention, the final proposal produced differed very little from Crittenden’s.  The work of the convention was finished only a few days before the final session of Congress ended; the Senate rejected the compromise proposal and it never came to a vote in the House.

With the adjournment of Congress, all formal efforts at compromise ended.

Our Winter Meeting will kickoff our Civil War Sesquicentennial observation activities.  We begin with an excellent speaker, Dr. Bill Mulligan, Professor of History at Murray State University (MSU) and 2009 Fulbright Scholar in History at University College Cork, Ireland.  His topic will be “The Civil War in Western Kentucky and West Tennessee, 1860-1863″. Attendees will be allowed to ask questions of Dr. Mulligan at the conclusion of his presentation.

Dr. Mulligan has been teaching at MSU since 1993 and has performed extensive research on the Civil War in western Kentucky.  He has written several works about the Civil War period.  He is the editor of Badger Boy in Blue: The Civil War Letters of Chauncey H. Cooke.  Dr. Mulligan has also been involved in a number of Civil War related public history projects.  Most recently he was the Project Director for the Ohio River Civil War Heritage Corridor which included 32 outdoor interpretative signs and a brochure, completed in 2003-2005.  Local historical societies know Dr. Mulligan well as he is supportive of their efforts and has been very willing to share his knowledge of the Jackson Purchase area.

Our Winter Meeting will be held January 22, 2011 in the auditorium of Wrather Museum on the campus of Murray State University.  It begins at 10:30 a.m.  The public is always welcome at our meetings.

Our kickoff will include a special “prize” to a lucky attendee.  Upcoming celebrations events will also be presented.  Won’t you come and join us!

Our Adopt-A-Student project continues!  If you are, or know of, a student at any level (elementary to graduate school) who would like to attend one of our meetings but need transportation assistance, contact Marvin Downing, JPHS Treasurer, at mdowning37@charter.net to apply.

The Governor of Tennessee when South Carolina seceded from the Union was Isham Green Harris.  Elected in 1857, Harris urged secession after the November 1860 election named Abraham Lincoln president.  Voters in Tennessee initially rejected the idea of secession, especially in the eastern part of the state.  When the Tennessee general assembly finally passed an ordinance of independence and alliance with the Confederacy, Harris prevented the separation of East Tennessee and its alliance with the Union.  Tennessee was the last state to secede, joining the Confederate States of America on June 8, 1861.

Harris remained governor until he was forced to flee the state in 1862 after the fall of Nashville.  Harris volunteered to serve the Confederacy as an aide-de-camp and participated in all of the major battles fought  in Tennessee and by the Army of the West except Perryville.  When Lee surrendered, Harris fled to Mexico City fearing retribution from the Union victors.  In 1867 he moved to Memphis where he again practiced law.

Harris was born in Tullahoma, Tennessee on February 10, 1818.  After attending public aschols and Winchester Academy he moved to Paris, Tennessee and worked as a merchandise store clerk.  He moved to Mississippi to study law, passed the bar in 1841 and returned to Paris, Tennessee to practice.  He had a long political career before dying in Washington D. C. in 1897.

He was a Democrat and his political career began when he was elected to the Tennessee State Senate in 1847, the U.S. House of Representatives in 1849 serving until 1853, Governor of Tennessee from 1857 until 1862 (3 terms), and the U. S. Senate from 1877 until his death in 1897.

Serving in the U.S. House of Representatives  from March 4, 1859 to March 4, 1861 for the 8th Congressional District of Tennessee was James Minor Quarles from the Opposition Party.   The 8th Congressional District in 1860 covered the northwestern part of the state and included the present day counties of Lake, Henry, Weakley, Obion, and Stewart.  Quarles was born in Virginia in 1823, moving to Kentucky in 1833.  He was an attorney admitted to the bar in 1845 and practiced in Clarksville, Tennessee.  During the Civil War he served in the Confederate Army under his brother, Brig. Gen. W. A. Quarles, until the end of the war.  He then moved to Nashville in 1872 continuing to practice law.   He died in Nashville on March 3, 1901.

On December 20, 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union!  Secessionists believed that the United States (the Union), was a confederation, allowing each state to “go its own way” and thus giving each state the right to secede.  Although various sections of the country had been disagreeing for several years over the issues of slavery, tariffs, states’ rights and the differences between agrarian and industrial lifestyles,  the magnitude of the Republican Party victory and the election of Abraham Lincoln  in 1860 created a secessionist response from the Deep South.   Lincoln’s winning meant that approximately three quarters of the elected officials in the next Congress would represent the “Yankee” and antislavery viewpoint.   South Carolina lawmakers’ reaction to Lincoln’s election was to convene and pass a secession ordinance before Lincoln could take office.  The U.S. Government rejected South Carolina’s secession as illegal.

In December 1860, the Congressional Representative for the First District of Kentucky, which encompassed the entire Jackson Purchase, was Henry C. Burnett, a Democrat-States Right advocate.  Burnett was elected first in March 1855 and would serve until December 1861 when he was expelled from Congress for his actions in support of the Confederacy.  Burnett had presided over the Russellville Convention in 1861 that formed a Confederate government for Kentucky.  Burnett was succeeded by Samuel L. Casey, a Republican Unionist.  Before the Civil War ended, Burnett raised a Confederate regiment at Hopkinsville and briefly served in the Confederate States Army.  The Confederate recruiting site, Camp Burnett, located in Clinton, Hickman County, Kentucky was named for him.

In December 1860, the Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky was Beriah Magoffin, a Democrat, who had been elected August 30, 1859 on a platform of states rights (right to secede) and slavery and had supported the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision.  Magoffin sought compromise to avoid the country’s sectional divisions and wrote to an Alabama representative in December 1860: “You seek a remedy in secession from the Union.  We wish the united action of the slave states, assembled in convention with the Union.”  Magoffin would eventually resign on August 18, 1862 because the Unionists distrust of him and their repeated overriding of his vetos had put a tight rein on his powers and made his situation intolerable.  Magoffin was succeeded by James F. Robinson.   Magoffin would later serve a term in the Kentucky House of Representatives (1867-69).

EVENT: Our Civil War Sesquicentennial Celebration will kickoff at our Winter Meeting, January 22, 2011.  Dr. Mulligan will be our speaker and those attending will have the opportunity to win a special prize; won’t you make your plans now to attend?

(This posting created using the following resources:  Kentucky’s Civil War, 1861-1865, Back Home in Kentucky, Inc. publisher, ISBN 0976923122; The Jackson Purchase Sesquicentennial Publication, 1819-1869; Internet website at http://en. wikipedia.org)

Dr. Robert H. Grubbs accepts Nobel Prize from His Majesty the King, Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, December 10, 2005

On December 10, 2005, Robert Howard Grubbs was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Yves Chauvin and Richard R. Schrock.   This Nobel Prize recognized Grubbs’ work in the development of the metathesis method of organic synthesis.   “Metathesis is a chemical reaction in which atom groups break away and reform, “switching partners”. It is used in organic chemistry and pharmaceutical research, and Grubbs’ work has led to more efficient, simpler and more environmentally benign ways to synthesize medicines and plastics” (www.nndb.com/people).

Grubbs was born February 27, 1942, in Marshall County, Kentucky on a farm between Calvert City and Possum Trot, to Howard and Faye Grubbs.  Both parents were from small farm families.  Howard Grubbs moved his family to Paducah where Robert in due time graduated from Paducah Tilghman High School.  Grubbs credits a junior high teacher with interesting him in science.

Grubbs earned his B.S. and M. A. in chemistry at the University of Florida, and his PhD in organic chemistry from Columbia University.  He has been a professor at Michigan State University and is currently Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California institute of Technology.  He is married and the father of three children.

Grubbs says “The academic model of my mother and grandmother and the very practical, mechanical training from my father turned out to be perfect training for organic chemical research”.   His mother, Faye Grubbs,  persevered  for 28 years to earn her degree from Murray State while teaching school on a teaching certificate.  She taught school for 35 years.   His father attended night classes when he returned from WWII and became a diesel mechanic.   Grubbs has two sisters, one a teacher and one who became the first female journeyman electrician in western Kentucky.

Even in a family that treasures intellectual achievement, being awarded the Nobel Prize must have earned Grubbs at least a well deserved pat on the back!

(This posting created using the following resources:  More Profiles of Past – Paducah People, Volume 4, 2010, by Allan Rhodes, Sr. and John E. L. Robertson, Sr.; www.nobelprize.org, Les Prix Nobel, The Nobel Prizes 2005, Editor, Karl Grandin [Nobel Foundation] Stockholm, 2006;  http://en.wikipedia.org; and www.nndb.com/people)